81 lines
4.9 KiB
TeX
81 lines
4.9 KiB
TeX
\documentclass[10pt, a5paper]{article}
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\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
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\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
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%\usepackage[english, ngerman]{babel}
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\usepackage[english]{babel}
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\usepackage{graphicx}
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\usepackage{parskip}
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\usepackage{caption}
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\usepackage{subcaption}
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\usepackage{fancyhdr}
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\usepackage{blindtext}
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\usepackage[left=1cm, right=1cm, top=1.5cm, bottom=1.5cm]{geometry}
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\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
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\usepackage{color}
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\usepackage[colorlinks]{hyperref}
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\pagestyle{plain}
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% Citations
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\usepackage{csquotes}
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\usepackage[backend=biber, style=vancouver]{biblatex}
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\addbibresource{../bibliography/bibliography.bib}
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% Colors
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\definecolor{PLRI_Rot}{RGB}{190,30,60}
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\definecolor{grau}{RGB}{120,110,100}
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\begin{document}
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{\fontfamily{phv}\selectfont}
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\input{cover.tex}
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\section{Background}
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In hospital setting, calculation of EWSs has been shown to predict important clinical outcomes effectively, such as severe deterioration, likelyhood of ICU admission,
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and mortality\autocite{subbe_validation_2001, buist_association_2004, paterson_prediction_2006, alam_exploring_2015, bilben_national_2016, brekke_value_2019}.
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Traditionally, doctors and nursing staff collect and evaluate patient vitals data manually, which is limited due to lack of resources\cite{shaik_remote_2023}.
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Remote patient monitoring (RPM) can provide early pre-symptomatic detection of deterioration and hospital admission.
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The Covid pandemic in particular has sparked efforts to investigate remote patient monitoring solutions, and NEWS2 has proved beneficial in predicting critical outcomes\cite{gidari_predictive_2020, otoom_iot-based_2020, filho_iot-based_2021, carr_evaluation_2021}.
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Javanbakht et al. found that continuous vitals monitoring is more cost-effective than intermittent monitoring\cite{javanbakht_cost_2020}, however the findings of
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this study should be taken lightly due to potential bias reporting.
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A variety of wearable medical sensors capable of continuously recording vital parameters have been developed recently\cite{noauthor_visi_nodate, noauthor_equivital_nodate, noauthor_vitls_nodate, noauthor_caretaker_nodate, noauthor_medtronic_nodate}.
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\section{Motivation}
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EWSs may also be a viable tool for predicting deterioration outside of hospitals\cite{ehara_effectiveness_2019, burgos-esteban_effectiveness_2022, paganelli_conceptual_2022}, allowing for preemptive action to be taken.
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However, some known setbacks of the NEWS and other scales are the frequency of scoring and response, integration into practice, and miscalculation by healthcare providers\cite{eisenkraft_developing_2023}.
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Several studies have examined vitals monitoring using wearables for at-home-patients in a laboratory setting,
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however in most of them, no automated EWS calculations were made\cite{archip_iot_2016, azimi_medical_2016, chowdary_efficient_2018, yeri_iot_2020, lee_all-day_2020, athira_design_2020, phaltankar_curaband_2021, thippeswamy_prototype_2021}.
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Sahu et al. used the PM6750\cite{sahu_internet--things-enabled_2022}, an experimental vitals data monitoring device capable of continuous measurements in a laboratory setting.
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However, the methodology of real-time EWS calculation using data gathered in the laboratory is unclear and was not demonstrated.
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Furthermore, the device used to take continuous measurements, requires a large number of sensors and cables to be continuously attached
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to the patient's body\cite{noauthor_pm6750_nodate}, restricting movement.
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Anzanpour et al. developed a monitoring system which collects vitals data and calculates EWSs in 2015, however due to limited or nonexistent
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availability of remotely operable sensors for all vital signs relevant to EWSs, the work was limited to using a laboratory prototype
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requiring some manual interaction in transferring vitals data\cite{anzanpour_internet_2015}.
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Patients appreciate the face-to-face aspect of early warning score monitoring as it allows for reassurance, social interaction, and gives them further opportunity to ask questions about their medical care\cite{downey_patient_2018}.
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Taking continuous measurements is superior to measuring intermittently\cite{gronbaek_continuous_2023, shaik_remote_2023}, but
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setting up continuous monitoring systems is cumbersome as it involves connecting patients to sensor devices
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with numerous electrodes and cables, which restrict patient activities to the bed area\cite{un_observational_2021}.
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Also, data transmission is highly reliant on in-house telecommunication infrastructure.
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In contrast, wearable devices such as armband or wristband incorporates multiple biosensors in a single form-factor,
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which allows a higher degree of patient mobility without the constraints of physical wirings.
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More importantly, data transmission through cellular network avoids the need of installing additional in-house
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telecommunication infrastructure, allows rapid deployment, and provides versatile and scalable solutions.
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\section{Objectives}
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\section{Tasks}
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\newpage
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\printbibliography
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\end{document}
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